A Smart and Intelligent Security System for Healthcare Facilities with AWS and Raspberry Pi Integration

The main aim of this chapter is to build a smart security device to cater to the security problems that have arisen in the recent times, in the healthcare facilities, with the onset of the covid19 pandemic. With more and more people occupied with providing emergency services, the special restricted mode in our designed smart security system will help in flexible surveillance of hospital wards as per requirement. The demand within the global market for healthcare security systems has been rising on account of the need to ensure optimal security and productivity across all hospitals and healthcare facilities. A smart security system with IoT and cloud connectivity, along with multiple smart modes to cater to the needs of the user is the need of the hour. With the onset of the pandemic situation, things have become more intense, with minimal efforts given towards surveillance. This is where our smart security system finds its application along with other restricted zones. With its seamless connection with AWS for 24 × 7 connectivity with the user, one can expect constant updates as per requirement. With the integration of raspberry pi, other security features are also achieved like a fire alarm, motion detection, gas sensing, temperature detection, footfall tracking and noise detection with stable conditions. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

POS-179 Outcomes of Acute Kidney Injury in Patients Requiring Dialysis in Nephrology Department of a Tertiary Care Hospital in Bangladesh

Introduction: Acute kidney injury (AKI) requiring dialysis is an important health care burdenand is associated with very high in-hospital mortality. As no specific treatment is available toreverse AKI, the management remains supportive, including optimized fluid, electrolyte andacid-base balance, adjusting the dose of potentially nephrotoxic medications or avoidingsecondary haemodynamic and nephrotoxic kidney injury with timely initiation of dialysis.Timely initiation of dialysis in AKI is fundamental to achieve treatment goals and to providesolute clearance and removal of excess fluid while awaiting recovery of kidney function. Ifkidney function remains inadequate after a period of discontinuation from dialysis, it should bereinstituted by the foresight of the treating physician. The primary outcome of interest of thestudy was recovery of sufficient kidney function to discontinue haemodialysis therapy andcomplete recovery of renal function. Methods: This prospective observational study has beenconducted in the Department of Nephrology, Mymensingh Medical College Hospital,Bangladesh from September 2019 to February 2021. All adult patients in whom conventionalintermittent haemodialysis was initiated in the dialysis ward were included in the study. Allpatients were followed up till death or complete recovery or for a maximum period of six month.A structured data collection sheet was used to collect patients detail and recorded data wereanalyzed by IBM SPSS version 23. Results: A total of 134 patients of AKI requiring dialysiswere included in the study with the mean age of 42.3±15.7 years. Male (54.5%) were slightlymore than female with a male to female ratio of 1.2:1. Diabetes was present in 16 (11.9%)patients and hypertension was present in 47 (35.1%) patients. The causes of AKI weresepticaemia (35.1%), urinary tract infection (34.3%), surgery (18.7%), vomiting (16.4%),leptospirosis (11.2%), obstetric (10.4%), acute watery diarrhoea (9.7%), malignancy (8.2%), postrenal obstruction (8.2%), drugs (7.5%), rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis (6%), COVID-19(5.2%), rhabdomyolysis (4.5%), intestinal obstruction (3.7%), acute gastroenteritis (2.2%), waspbite (2.2%), organophosphorus compounds (OPC) poisoning (1.5%), starfruit toxicity (1.5%),haemolytic uremic syndrome (0.7%) and unknown (1.5%). Mean number of dialysis requirementwas 5.9±8.6 and length of hospital stay was 15.4±10.5 days. Out of 134 patients, 95 (70.9%)were discharged from hospital and 39 (29.1%) died in hospital. Total death of patients during thestudy period were 49 (36.6%) including home death of 10 (7.5%) patients. Complete recovery ofkidney function was achieved in 70 (52.2%) patients and partial recovery of kidney function whocan survive without dialysis were observed in 12 (9%) patients. 3 (2.2%) patients remain ondialysis and total survival during the study period was observed in 85 (63.4%) patients. Survivalrate was significantly higher in patients with ≤ 40 years (72.6%) and significantly lower inpatients with malignancy (18.2%) and post renal obstruction (27.3%). Conclusions: Outcomes ofacute kidney injury in patients requiring dialysis remains poor. Early detection, optimization offluid and electrolyte balance and timely initiation of haemodialysis are the keys to improvesurvival and overall mortality. No conflict of interest

Employing cribbed wire to increase compliance of face mask wear during COVID-19 pandemic

To begin with, face masks were not designed to be worn round the clock, but in the aftermath of Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, duration of masks use has increased. However, conventional way of wearing of masks for such long period is giving rise to myriad of issues ranging from constant irritation to erythematous and painful changes at back of ear, thereby decreasing compliance and increasing risk of acquiring and spreading viruses. To enhance compliance with the Standard Operating Protocol (SOP), a simple technique of securing mask at back of the head with steel wire is being proposed to make it trouble-free, snug fit with less leakage of air. Enhanced comfort ensured by present technique discourages one from touching face, mask or ears inadvertently;thus offering better health protection.

Multi-epitope based peptide vaccine design using three structural proteins (S, e, and m) of sars-cov-2: An in silico approach

Introduction: The ongoing global pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has jeopardized our health system and leaving everyone in disarray. Despite the diligent cumulative effort of academia, there is hardly any light in the end tunnel so far in developing efficient and sustainable treatment options to tackle this public health threat. Therefore, designing a suitable vaccine to overcome this hurdle calls for immediate attention. The current study aimed to design a multi-epitope based vaccine using immunoinformatics tools. Materials and Methods: We approached the structural proteins: S, E, and M proteins of SARS-CoV-2 since they facilitate the infection of the virus into a host cell. By using different bioinformatics tools and servers, the multiple B-cell and T-cell epitopes were predicted potential for the required vaccine design. The phylogenetic analysis provides in-depth knowledge on ancestral molecular changes and the molecular evolutionary relationship of S, E, and M proteins. Results: Based on the antigenicity and surface accessibility of the spike (S), envelope (E), and membrane (M) proteins, eight epitopes were selected by various B cell and T cell epitope prediction tools. Molecular docking was executed to interpret the binding interactions of these epitopes from where three potential epitopes WTAGAAAYY, YVYSRVKNL, and GTITVEELK were finalized with their noticeable higher binding affinity scores-9.1,-7.4, and-7.0 kcal/mol, respectively. It is noteworthy to mention that the targeted epitopes are believed to cover 91.09% of the population coverage worldwide. Conclusions: In sum, we identified the three most potential epitopes at length, which might be turned to our purpose of designing the peptide-based vaccine against SARS-CoV-2. © 2021 The Author(s).